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Rihanna - Rehab ft. Justin Timberlake
Music video by Rihanna performing Rehab. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 19591123. (C) 2007 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
Red vs. Blue S8 Tex fights Reds and Blues in awesome action sequence
Go to RoosterTeeth.com for all of season 8 of RvB!
Einstein vs Stephen Hawking -Epic Rap Battles of History #7
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Rihanna - We Ride
Music video by Rihanna performing We Ride. (C) 2006 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - CAN'T HOLD US FEAT. RAY DALTON (OFFICIAL MUSIC VIDEO)
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Abe Lincoln VS Chuck Norris Epic Rap Battles of History #3
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Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
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Music video by Rihanna performing Pon de Replay. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 4166822. (C) 2005 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
Key & Peele: Substitute Teacher
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David Guetta - Just One Last Time ft. Taped Rai
"Just One Last Time" feat. Taped Rai. Available to download on iTunes including remixes of : Tiësto, HARD ROCK SOFA & Deniz Koyu http://smarturl.it/DGJustOne...
Magnum Photos
Type Cooperative
Industry Photography
Founded 1947
Founder(s) Robert Capa, David "Chim" Seymour, Henri Cartier-Bresson, George Rodger, William Vandivert, Rita Vandivert
Headquarters New York, Paris, London, Tokyo
Area served Worldwide
Products Photojournalism, stock photography
Website magnumphotos.com

Magnum Photos is an international photographic cooperative owned by its photographer-members, with offices located in New York, Paris, London and Tokyo. According to co-founder Henri Cartier-Bresson, "Magnum is a community of thought, a shared human quality, a curiosity about what is going on in the world, a respect for what is going on and a desire to transcribe it visually."[1]

Contents

Founding of agency [edit]

The photographers Robert Capa, David "Chim" Seymour, Henri Cartier-Bresson, George Rodger and William Vandivert were the founding members (Vice Presidents) of Magnum in Paris in 1947, based on an idea of Capa's. Seymour, Cartier-Bresson and Rodger were all absent from the meeting at which it was founded.[2] (In response to a letter telling him that he was a member, Rodger wrote that Magnum seemed a good idea but, "It all sounded too halcyon to be true," when Capa had told him of it and, "I rather dismissed the whole thing from my mind".[3]) Rita Vandivert was the first President.[4] (Magnum's short current history on its website does not include the Vandiverts.[5]) The plan was for Rodger to cover Africa and the Middle East, Cartier-Bresson to cover Asia east of that, Seymour and Vandivert to cover Europe and the United States, respectively; and Capa to be free to follow his curiosity and events.[4]

Magnum is one of the first photographic cooperatives, owned and administered entirely by members. The staff serve a support role for the photographers, who retain all copyrights to their own work.

The Magnum cooperative has included photojournalists from across the world, who have covered many historical events of the 20th century. The cooperative's archive includes photographs depicting family life, drugs, religion, war, poverty, famine, crime, government and celebrities. Magnum In Motion is the multimedia offshoot of Magnum Photos and is based in New York City.

The name "Magnum" was chosen because the founding members always drank a bottle of champagne during the first meetings (cp. magnum Wine bottle).[6]

Elections of new members [edit]

Magnum's photographers meet once a year, during the last weekend in June, in New York, Paris or London, to discuss the cooperative's business. One day of the meeting is reserved to review potential new members' portfolios and vote on admitting individuals. An approved applicant is invited to become a 'Nominee Member' of Magnum, a category of membership that provides a chance for members and the individual to get to know each other, but that includes no binding commitments on either side.

After two years of Nominee membership, a photographer may present another portfolio if wanting to apply for 'Associate Membership'. If successful, the photographer is bound by the rules of the agency, and enjoys its facilities and worldwide representation. The difference between an Associate Member and a full Member is that an Associate is not a Director of the Company and does not have voting rights in the corporate decision-making. After two more years, an Associate wanting to be considered for full membership presents another portfolio of work for consideration by the members. Once elected as a full member, the individual is a member of Magnum for life or for as long as the photographer chooses. No member photographer of Magnum has ever been asked to leave.

Photographic collection [edit]

In February 2010, Magnum announced that Michael Dell's venture capital firm MSD Capital had acquired a collection of nearly 200,000 original press prints of images taken by Magnum photographers. It had formed a partnership with the Harry Ransom Center at The University of Texas at Austin to preserve, catalog, and make photographs available to the general public. The cost of the purchase was not disclosed; however, the collection was reportedly insured for more than $100 million.[7][8][9] A Preliminary Inventory is available for researchers who wish to use the collection. (It includes Afghan Girl.)

Crowdsourcing tagging [edit]

Magnum is working with Tagasauris to crowdsource the tagging of Magnum's digital archive. The project allows volunteers to get early access to the (untagged) photo archive, and provide descriptive tags to the images.[10][11][12][13]

A notable accomplishment of this effort was the discovery of a set of "lost" photos in the Magnum archive, from the shooting of the movie American Graffiti.[14] This was achieved through a combination of human tagging and machine intelligence: the crowdsourcing identified individuals in separate photos (e.g., George Lucas, Ron Howard, Richard Dreyfuss, and Mackenzie Phillips), and the machine process reviewed data to reveal what was common among them. The film American Graffiti was one suggestion.[15] Tagasauris found nearly two dozen 'lost' photos taken on the film’s set that were available (but not discoverable) in the Magnum archive. "Computers couldn’t ID humans in the photo but humans couldn’t know the context."[16]

Member list [edit]

Name Nationality Status Active years Note
Abbas Attar  Iran Active (full Member) 1981–[17] Member from 1985[17]
Christopher Anderson  United States Active (full Member) 2005– Nominee from 2005; Full Member from 2010[18]
Ansel Adams  United States Deceased Nonmember correspondent 1956[19]
Eve Arnold  United States Deceased 1951– Associate Member from 1951;[20] Member from 1957[21] /> First Female Member
Olivia Arthur  United Kingdom Active (Nominee) 2008– Nominee from 2008[22]
Micha Bar-Am  Israel Active (Correspondent) 1968– Correspondent from 1968[23]
Bruno Barbey  Morocco Active (full Member) 1964–[24] Member from 1968.[24]
Jonas Bendiksen  Norway Active (full Member) 2004– Nominee from 2004; Member from 2008[25]
Ian Berry  United Kingdom Active 1967[19]
Werner Bischof  Switzerland Deceased 1949–1954 Member from 1949[26]
Brian Brake  New Zealand Withdrawn 1957–1966[19] now deceased
René Burri  Switzerland Active (full Member) 1955[19] Associate Member from 1955; Member from 1959[27]
Cornell Capa  Hungary Deceased 1954–2008 Member from 1954;[28] Brother of Robert
Robert Capa  Hungary Deceased 1947–1954 Founding member
Henri Cartier-Bresson  France Deceased 1947–2004 Founding member; Contributor from 1966[19]
Chien-Chi Chang  Taiwan Active (full Member) 1995–[29] Member from 2001[29]
Antoine D'Agata  France Active (full Member) 2004–[30] Nominee from 2004; Member from 2008.[30]
Bruce Davidson  United States Active (full Member) 1956–[31] Member from 1959[31]
Carl De Keyzer  Belgium Active (full Member) 1990–[32] Member from 1994[32]
Luc Delahaye  France Withdrawn 1994–2004
Raymond Depardon  France Active (full Member) 1978– Associate Member from 1978; Member from 1979[33]
Thomas Dworzak  Germany Active (full Member) 2004– Member from 2004[34]
Nikos Economopoulos  Greece Active (full Member) 1990– Member from 1994[35]
Elliott Erwitt  United States Active (full Member) 1953–[36] Member from 1954[36]
Martine Franck  Belgium Deceased 1980–2012[37] Member from 1983[37]
Stuart Franklin  United Kingdom Active (full Member) 1985–[38] Member from 1990.[38]
Leonard Freed  United States Deceased 1956[39]–2006 Member from 1972[39]
Cristina García Rodero  Spain Active (full Member) 2005–[40] Member from 2009[40]
Jean Gaumy  France Active (full Member) 1977–[41] Member from 1986[41]
Bruce Gilden  United States Active (full Member) 1998–[42] Member from 2002[42]
Burt Glinn  United States Deceased 1951[43]–2008 Associate Member from 1951;[20] Member from 1954[43]
Mark Godfrey Withdrawn 1974–1981[19]
Jim Goldberg  United States Active (full Member) 2002–[44] Member from 2006[44]
Philip Jones Griffiths  United Kingdom Deceased 1966–2008 Associate Member from 1966; Member from 1971[45]
Harry Gruyaert  Belgium Active (full Member) 1981–[46] Member from 1986[46]
Ara Güler  Turkey Withdrawn
Ernst Haas  Austria Deceased 1950[19]–1986 Contributor from 1966[19]
Philippe Halsman  United States Deceased 1951[47] Contributing member from 1956[47]
Charles Harbutt  United States Withdrawn 1964–1981[19]
Erich Hartmann  United States Deceased 1951[19][48]–1999 Member from 1954[48]
David Alan Harvey  United States Active (full Member) 1993–[19][49] Member from 1997[49]
Bob Henriques  United States 1957-1961 (circa)
Tim Hetherington  United Kingdom Deceased 2011; Posthumus Acception
Thomas Hoepker  Germany Active (full Member) 1964–[50] Member from 1989[50]
David Hurn  United Kingdom Active (full Member) 1965–[51] Associate Member from 1965;[52] Member from 1967[51]
Richard Kalvar  United States Active (full Member) 1975[19] Associate Member from 1975; Member from 1977.[53]
Josef Koudelka  Czech Republic Active (full Member) 1971[19] Associate Member from 1971; Member from 1974.[54]
Kent Klich  Sweden Withdrawn 1998–2002
Hiroji Kubota  Japan Active (full Member) 1971– Associate Member from 1971;[55] Member from 1989.[56]
Dorothea Lange  United States Deceased Nonmember correspondent 1956[19]
Sergio Larraín  Chile Deceased 1959–2012 Associate Member from 1959; Member from 1961; Contributor from 1970[57]
Russell Lee  United States Deceased Nonmember correspondent 1956[19]
Guy Le Querrec  France Active (full Member) 1976–[58] Member from 1977.[58]
Erich Lessing  Austria Active (full Member) 1950–[59] Member from 1955;[60] later Contributor[59]
Herbert List  Germany Deceased Contributor 1951–1975[61]
Danny Lyon Withdrawn 1966–1968[19]
Alex Majoli  Italy Active (full Member) 1996–[62] Member from 2001.[62]
Constantine Manos  United States Active (full Member) 1963[19][63] Member from 1965.[63]
Mary Ellen Mark Withdrawn 1977–1981[19]
Peter Marlow  United Kingdom Active (full Member) 1982– Member from 1986[64]
Fred Mayer  Switzerland Withdrawn 1967[65] - 2009
Don McCullin  United Kingdom Withdrawn 1968–1969[19]
Steve McCurry  United States Active (full Member) 1986– Member from 1986.[66]
Susan Meiselas  United States Active (full Member) 1976–[67] Member from 1980.[67]
Wayne F. Miller  United States Active (Contributor) Nonmember correspondent 1956[19]–1958; member 1958[19] Member from 1958, later a contributor.[68]
Inge Morath  Austria Deceased 1953[69]–2002 Member from 1955.[69]
John G. Morris (photo editor)
Trent Parke  Australia Active (full Member) 2002–[70] Member from 2007.[70]
Suzy Parker  United States Deceased According to John G. Morris, "Capa showed model Suzy Parker how to take pictures, and for a while she was listed as a Magnum photographer".[71]
Martin Parr  United Kingdom Active (full Member) 1988–[72] Member from 1994.[72]
Paolo Pellegrin  Italy Active (full Member) 2001–[73] Nominee from 2001; Member from 2005.[73]
Gilles Peress  France Active (Contributor) 1970–[74] As of 2010, a Contributor.[74]
Gueorgui Pinkhassov  Russia Active (full Member) 1986–[75] Member from 1994.[75]
Mark Power  United Kingdom Active (full Member) 2002–[76] Member from 2007.[76]
Raghu Rai  India Active (Correspondent) 1977–
Eli Reed  United States Active (full Member) 1983–
Marc Riboud  France Active (Contributor) 1955[19]
Eugene Richards  United States Withdrawn 1983–
Miguel Rio Branco  Brazil Active (Correspondent) 1978– Associate Member from 1980[77]
George Rodger  United Kingdom Deceased 1947–1995 Founding member; Contributor from 1970[19]
Sebastião Salgado  Brazil Withdrawn 1979–1994
Alessandra Sanguinetti  United States Active (Nominee) 2007–
Lise Sarfati  France Active (full Member) 1997–
Ferdinando Scianna  Italy Active (full Member) 1982– Member from 1989[78]
Ernst Scheidegger
David Seymour  United States Deceased 1947–1956 Founding member
Marilyn Silverstone  United Kingdom Active (Contributor) 1964– Associate Member from 1964, Full Member from 1967, Contributor from 1975[79]
W. Eugene Smith  United States Withdrawn[80] 1957[19]–1958[81] now deceased
Jacob Aue Sobol  Denmark Active (Associate) 2007–
Alec Soth  United States Active (full Member) 2004– Nominee from 2004; Member from 2008[82]
Chris Steele-Perkins  United Kingdom Active (full Member) 1979– Nominee from 1979; Associate Member from 1981; Member from 1983[83]
Dennis Stock  United States Deceased 1951–2009 Associate Member from 1951; Member from 1957[84]
Mikhael Subotzky  South Africa Active (Nominee) 2007–
Kryn Taconis Withdrawn 1954[19]–1960[19] now deceased
Nicolas Tikhomiroff  Russia Active 1959–
Larry Towell  Canada Active (full Member) 1988–
Ilkka Uimonen  Finland Withdrawn 2002–
Burk Uzzle  United States Withdrawn 1967–1983[85] 1979-1980 President[85]
Peter van Agtmael  United States Active (Nominee) 2008– Nominee from 2008[86]
William Vandivert  United States Deceased 1947[87]–1948[88] Founding member
John Vink  Belgium Active (full Member) 1993– Member from 1997[89]
Alex Webb  United States Active (full Member) 1976–
Simon Wheatley
Donovan Wylie  United Kingdom Active (full Member) 1992– Member from 1997[90]
Patrick Zachmann  France Active (full Member) 1985–

Books [edit]

See also [edit]

References [edit]

  1. ^ Magnum Official Website
  2. ^ Russell Miller, Magnum: Fifty Years at the Front Line of History (New York: Grove, 1998; ISBN 0-8021-3653-4), pp. 49–50.
  3. ^ Miller, Magnum, p. 53
  4. ^ a b Miller, Magnum, p.51.
  5. ^ History, Magnum website. Accessed 12 December 2009.
  6. ^ Die Leica-Geschichte, TV-Documentary, can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWwarnnM71A
  7. ^ "News Photos, on the Move, Make News", New York Times, 1 February 2010
  8. ^ "Historic Photo Print Archive, Featuring Iconic 20th Century Images, Has New Owner and Home", University of Texas at Austin press release, February 2, 2010. Accessed 2010-02-09.
  9. ^ Gerald Rich, "UT Receives Historical Treasure: Harry Ransom Center acquires 20th-century photography archive", The Daily Texan, 4 February 2010. Accessed 2010-02-09.
  10. ^ Estrin, James. "Crowd-Sourcing the Magnum Archive" New York Times (July 26, 2011).
  11. ^ Russeth, Andrew. "Good Morning! Creative Thinking Edition", New York Observer (August 29, 2011).
  12. ^ "Magnum appelle à "taguer" ses archives", Le Monde (August 15, 2011)(French)
  13. ^ Jarvis, Alice-Azania "Who, what, where? Magnum is hoping the modern crowd will help them identify a historic archive", The Independent (August 5, 2011)
  14. ^ Benenson, Fred. "Hidden Treasure: Lost Photos From the Set of American Graffiti" Wired (July 2011).
  15. ^ Mims, Christopher. "How Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon Unearthed Lost Photos From American Graffiti", Technology Review (June 20, 2011).
  16. ^ Weise, Karen. "Humans Plus Computers Equals Better Crowdsourcing", Bloomberg Businessweek, (November 10, 2011).
  17. ^ a b "Abbas", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  18. ^ "Christopher Anderson", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Chronology, Magnum Photos (London: Thames & Hudson, 2008; ISBN 978-0-500-41094-3), not paginated.
  20. ^ a b "Burt Glinn", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  21. ^ "Eve Arnold", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  22. ^ "Olivia Arthur", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-17.
  23. ^ "Micha Bar-Am", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  24. ^ a b "Bruno Barbey", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-18.
  25. ^ "Jonas Bendiksen", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  26. ^ "Werner Bischof", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-18.
  27. ^ "Rene Burri", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  28. ^ "Cornell Capa", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-18.
  29. ^ a b "Chien-Chi Chang", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  30. ^ a b "Antoine D'Agata", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-19.
  31. ^ a b "Bruce Davidson", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  32. ^ a b "Carl De Keyzer", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  33. ^ "Raymond Depardon", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  34. ^ "Thomas Dworzak", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  35. ^ "Nikos Economopoulos", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  36. ^ a b "Elliott Erwitt", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-19.
  37. ^ a b "Martine Franck", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-19.
  38. ^ a b "Stuart Franklin", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-19.
  39. ^ a b "Leonard Freed", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-19.
  40. ^ a b "Cristina García Rodero", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-19.
  41. ^ a b "Jean Gaumy", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-19.
  42. ^ a b "Bruce Gilden", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-19.
  43. ^ a b "Burt Glinn", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-19.
  44. ^ a b "Jim Goldberg", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-19.
  45. ^ "Philip Jones Griffiths", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  46. ^ a b "Harry Gruyaert", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-21.
  47. ^ a b "Philippe Halsman", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-21.
  48. ^ a b "Erich Hartmann", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-21.
  49. ^ a b "David Alan Harvey", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-21.
  50. ^ a b "Thomas Hoepker", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-21.
  51. ^ a b "David Hurn", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-21.
  52. ^ "David Hurn", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  53. ^ "Richard Kalvar", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-02-14.
  54. ^ "Josef Koudelka", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-02-14.
  55. ^ "Hiroji Kubota", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-02-14.
  56. ^ "Hiroji Kubota", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-02-14.
  57. ^ "Sergio Larrain", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-02-14.
  58. ^ a b "Guy Le Querrec", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-02-17.
  59. ^ a b "Erich Lessing", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-02-17.
  60. ^ "Erich Lessing", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  61. ^ "Herbert List", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-02-21.
  62. ^ a b "Alex Majoli", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-02-21.
  63. ^ a b "Constantine Manos", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-02-21.
  64. ^ "Peter Marlow", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  65. ^ "http://web.me.com/fredmayer/Web-Site/fred_mayer_and_magnum.html
  66. ^ "Steve McCurry", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  67. ^ a b "Susan Meiselas", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-03-07.
  68. ^ "Wayne Miller", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-03-07.
  69. ^ a b "Inge Morath", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-03-07.
  70. ^ a b "Trent Parke", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-03-20
  71. ^ http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/gallery/2011/apr/19/photography-henricartierbresson#/?picture=373813578&index=9
  72. ^ a b "Martin Parr", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-03-20
  73. ^ a b "Paolo Pellegrin", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-03-20
  74. ^ a b "Gilles Peress", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-03-20
  75. ^ a b "Gueorgui Pinkhassov", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-03-20
  76. ^ a b "Mark Power", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-03-20
  77. ^ "Miguel Rio Branco", Magnum Photos. 16 January 2009.
  78. ^ "Ferdinando Scianna", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  79. ^ "Marilyn Silverstone", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  80. ^ Shadow and Substance (McGraw-Hill, 1989), p. 397: "'I think it will be more interesting, and more profitable - with more work used, and uniquely used.' That was the positive view. The negative aspect is found in a draft for a letter to Magnum in which Gene tried to respond to a recent decision by Magnum's members to censure him: 'I stand thoroughly censured, I'm broke, desperate, tired - however, the censure is right, I am guilty. I trust that the photographers of Magnum are willing to stand on their public recors. I trust that the photographers of Magnum are willing that I publicly evaluate them accordingly as they have achieved. I am not interested in their excuses accordingly to their private confessions. Their blames, including Smith, will not be of my concern.'"
  81. ^ Shadow and Substance, p. 398.
  82. ^ "Alec Soth", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  83. ^ Miller, Magnum, p,268.
  84. ^ "Dennis Stock", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  85. ^ a b http://www.burkuzzle.com
  86. ^ "Peter van Agtmael", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  87. ^ Miller, Magnum, pp. 49–51.
  88. ^ Miller, Magnum, pp. 66–67.
  89. ^ "John Vink", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.
  90. ^ "Donovan Wylie", Magnum Photos. Accessed 2010-01-16.

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